Ammonium Chloride

Ammonium chloride, with the chemical formula NH₄Cl, is an inorganic compound that appears as a white, crystalline solid. It is highly soluble in water and has a variety of applications across different industries. Here are some key properties and uses of ammonium chloride:

Properties

• Chemical Formula: NH₄Cl
• Molecular Weight: 53.49 g/mol
• Physical State: Solid (crystalline)
• Color: White
• Odor: Odorless
• Melting Point: 338 °C (640 °F)
• Solubility: Highly soluble in water; solubility increases with temperature.

Applications

• Fertilizers: Ammonium chloride is widely used as a nitrogen source in fertilizers, particularly for crops that require high nitrogen content. It helps improve soil fertility and promotes plant growth.

• Food Industry: It is used as a food additive (E510) and can act as a flavoring agent, particularly in certain types of Asian cuisine, such as salty fish and licorice.

• Chemical Reactions: Ammonium chloride serves as a source of ammonia in chemical reactions and is used in the preparation of various chemicals, including ammonium sulfate and other nitrogen-containing compounds.

• Electrolyte in Batteries: It is utilized as an electrolyte in dry cell batteries, providing the necessary ions for conduction.

• Medicinal Uses: In medicine, ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough syrups and as a urinary acidifier to treat certain medical conditions.

• Welding Flux: In metallurgy, it is used as a flux in welding processes to prevent oxidation of the metal and to facilitate the flow of molten metal.

Safety and Handling

Ammonium chloride is generally considered safe when used appropriately. However, it can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract if inhaled or in contact with skin. It is advisable to use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles when handling the compound. Ammonium chloride should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible materials.